API Docs¶
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flask_restful.
marshal
(data, fields, envelope=None)¶ Takes raw data (in the form of a dict, list, object) and a dict of fields to output and filters the data based on those fields.
Parameters: - data – the actual object(s) from which the fields are taken from
- fields – a dict of whose keys will make up the final serialized response output
- envelope – optional key that will be used to envelop the serialized response
>>> from flask_restful import fields, marshal >>> data = { 'a': 100, 'b': 'foo' } >>> mfields = { 'a': fields.Raw }
>>> marshal(data, mfields) OrderedDict([('a', 100)])
>>> marshal(data, mfields, envelope='data') OrderedDict([('data', OrderedDict([('a', 100)]))])
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flask_restful.
marshal_with
(fields, envelope=None)¶ A decorator that apply marshalling to the return values of your methods.
>>> from flask_restful import fields, marshal_with >>> mfields = { 'a': fields.Raw } >>> @marshal_with(mfields) ... def get(): ... return { 'a': 100, 'b': 'foo' } ... ... >>> get() OrderedDict([('a', 100)])
>>> @marshal_with(mfields, envelope='data') ... def get(): ... return { 'a': 100, 'b': 'foo' } ... ... >>> get() OrderedDict([('data', OrderedDict([('a', 100)]))])
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flask_restful.
marshal_with_field
(field)¶ A decorator that formats the return values of your methods with a single field.
>>> from flask_restful import marshal_with_field, fields >>> @marshal_with_field(fields.List(fields.Integer)) ... def get(): ... return ['1', 2, 3.0] ... >>> get() [1, 2, 3]
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flask_restful.
abort
(http_status_code, **kwargs)¶ Raise a HTTPException for the given http_status_code. Attach any keyword arguments to the exception for later processing.
Api¶
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class
flask_restful.
Api
(app=None, prefix='', default_mediatype='application/json', decorators=None, catch_all_404s=False, serve_challenge_on_401=False, url_part_order='bae', errors=None)¶ The main entry point for the application. You need to initialize it with a Flask Application:
>>> app = Flask(__name__) >>> api = restful.Api(app)
Alternatively, you can use
init_app()
to set the Flask application after it has been constructed.Parameters: - app (flask.Blueprint) – the Flask application object
- prefix (str) – Prefix all routes with a value, eg v1 or 2010-04-01
- default_mediatype (str) – The default media type to return
- decorators (list) – Decorators to attach to every resource
- catch_all_404s (bool) – Use
handle_error()
to handle 404 errors throughout your app - serve_challenge_on_401 – Whether to serve a challenge response to clients on receiving 401. This usually leads to a username/password popup in web browers.
- url_part_order – A string that controls the order that the pieces of the url are concatenated when the full url is constructed. ‘b’ is the blueprint (or blueprint registration) prefix, ‘a’ is the api prefix, and ‘e’ is the path component the endpoint is added with
- errors () – A dictionary to define a custom response for each exception or error raised during a request
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add_resource
(resource, *urls, **kwargs)¶ Adds a resource to the api.
Parameters: - resource (
Resource
) – the class name of your resource - urls (str) – one or more url routes to match for the resource, standard flask routing rules apply. Any url variables will be passed to the resource method as args.
- endpoint (str) – endpoint name (defaults to
Resource.__name__.lower()
Can be used to reference this route infields.Url
fields - resource_class_args (tuple) – args to be forwarded to the constructor of the resource.
- resource_class_kwargs (dict) – kwargs to be forwarded to the constructor of the resource.
Additional keyword arguments not specified above will be passed as-is to
flask.Flask.add_url_rule()
.Examples:
api.add_resource(HelloWorld, '/', '/hello') api.add_resource(Foo, '/foo', endpoint="foo") api.add_resource(FooSpecial, '/special/foo', endpoint="foo")
- resource (
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error_router
(original_handler, e)¶ This function decides whether the error occured in a flask-restful endpoint or not. If it happened in a flask-restful endpoint, our handler will be dispatched. If it happened in an unrelated view, the app’s original error handler will be dispatched. In the event that the error occurred in a flask-restful endpoint but the local handler can’t resolve the situation, the router will fall back onto the original_handler as last resort.
Parameters: - original_handler (function) – the original Flask error handler for the app
- e (Exception) – the exception raised while handling the request
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handle_error
(e)¶ Error handler for the API transforms a raised exception into a Flask response, with the appropriate HTTP status code and body.
Parameters: e (Exception) – the raised Exception object
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init_app
(app)¶ Initialize this class with the given
flask.Flask
application orflask.Blueprint
object.Parameters: app (flask.Blueprint) – the Flask application or blueprint object Examples:
api = Api() api.add_resource(...) api.init_app(app)
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make_response
(data, *args, **kwargs)¶ Looks up the representation transformer for the requested media type, invoking the transformer to create a response object. This defaults to default_mediatype if no transformer is found for the requested mediatype. If default_mediatype is None, a 406 Not Acceptable response will be sent as per RFC 2616 section 14.1
Parameters: data – Python object containing response data to be transformed
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mediatypes
()¶ Returns a list of requested mediatypes sent in the Accept header
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mediatypes_method
()¶ Return a method that returns a list of mediatypes
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output
(resource)¶ Wraps a resource (as a flask view function), for cases where the resource does not directly return a response object
Parameters: resource – The resource as a flask view function
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owns_endpoint
(endpoint)¶ Tests if an endpoint name (not path) belongs to this Api. Takes in to account the Blueprint name part of the endpoint name.
Parameters: endpoint – The name of the endpoint being checked Returns: bool
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representation
(mediatype)¶ Allows additional representation transformers to be declared for the api. Transformers are functions that must be decorated with this method, passing the mediatype the transformer represents. Three arguments are passed to the transformer:
- The data to be represented in the response body
- The http status code
- A dictionary of headers
The transformer should convert the data appropriately for the mediatype and return a Flask response object.
Ex:
@api.representation('application/xml') def xml(data, code, headers): resp = make_response(convert_data_to_xml(data), code) resp.headers.extend(headers) return resp
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resource
(*urls, **kwargs)¶ Wraps a
Resource
class, adding it to the api. Parameters are the same asadd_resource()
.Example:
app = Flask(__name__) api = restful.Api(app) @api.resource('/foo') class Foo(Resource): def get(self): return 'Hello, World!'
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unauthorized
(response) Given a response, change it to ask for credentials
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url_for
(resource, **values)¶ Generates a URL to the given resource.
Works like
flask.url_for()
.
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class
flask_restful.
Resource
¶ Represents an abstract RESTful resource. Concrete resources should extend from this class and expose methods for each supported HTTP method. If a resource is invoked with an unsupported HTTP method, the API will return a response with status 405 Method Not Allowed. Otherwise the appropriate method is called and passed all arguments from the url rule used when adding the resource to an Api instance. See
add_resource()
for details.
ReqParse¶
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class
reqparse.
RequestParser
(argument_class=<class 'reqparse.Argument'>, namespace_class=<class 'reqparse.Namespace'>, trim=False, bundle_errors=False)¶ Enables adding and parsing of multiple arguments in the context of a single request. Ex:
from flask_restful import reqparse parser = reqparse.RequestParser() parser.add_argument('foo') parser.add_argument('int_bar', type=int) args = parser.parse_args()
Parameters: -
add_argument
(*args, **kwargs)¶ Adds an argument to be parsed.
Accepts either a single instance of Argument or arguments to be passed into
Argument
‘s constructor.See
Argument
‘s constructor for documentation on the available options.
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copy
()¶ Creates a copy of this RequestParser with the same set of arguments
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parse_args
(req=None, strict=False)¶ Parse all arguments from the provided request and return the results as a Namespace
Parameters: strict – if req includes args not in parser, throw 400 BadRequest exception
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remove_argument
(name)¶ Remove the argument matching the given name.
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replace_argument
(name, *args, **kwargs)¶ Replace the argument matching the given name with a new version.
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class
reqparse.
Argument
(name, default=None, dest=None, required=False, ignore=False, type=<function <lambda>>, location=('json', 'values'), choices=(), action='store', help=None, operators=('=', ), case_sensitive=True, store_missing=True, trim=False, nullable=True)¶ Parameters: - name – Either a name or a list of option strings, e.g. foo or -f, –foo.
- default – The value produced if the argument is absent from the request.
- dest – The name of the attribute to be added to the object
returned by
parse_args()
. - required (bool) – Whether or not the argument may be omitted (optionals only).
- action – The basic type of action to be taken when this argument is encountered in the request. Valid options are “store” and “append”.
- ignore – Whether to ignore cases where the argument fails type conversion
- type – The type to which the request argument should be
converted. If a type raises an exception, the message in the
error will be returned in the response. Defaults to
unicode
in python2 andstr
in python3. - location – The attributes of the
flask.Request
object to source the arguments from (ex: headers, args, etc.), can be an iterator. The last item listed takes precedence in the result set. - choices – A container of the allowable values for the argument.
- help – A brief description of the argument, returned in the response when the argument is invalid. May optionally contain an “{error_msg}” interpolation token, which will be replaced with the text of the error raised by the type converter.
- case_sensitive (bool) – Whether argument values in the request are case sensitive or not (this will convert all values to lowercase)
- store_missing (bool) – Whether the arguments default value should be stored if the argument is missing from the request.
- trim (bool) – If enabled, trims whitespace around the argument.
- nullable (bool) – If enabled, allows null value in argument.
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__init__
(name, default=None, dest=None, required=False, ignore=False, type=<function <lambda>>, location=('json', 'values'), choices=(), action='store', help=None, operators=('=', ), case_sensitive=True, store_missing=True, trim=False, nullable=True)¶
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handle_validation_error
(error, bundle_errors)¶ Called when an error is raised while parsing. Aborts the request with a 400 status and an error message
Parameters: - error – the error that was raised
- bundle_errors – do not abort when first error occurs, return a dict with the name of the argument and the error message to be bundled
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parse
(request, bundle_errors=False)¶ Parses argument value(s) from the request, converting according to the argument’s type.
Parameters: request – The flask request object to parse arguments from - :param do not abort when first error occurs, return a
- dict with the name of the argument and the error message to be bundled
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source
(request)¶ Pulls values off the request in the provided location :param request: The flask request object to parse arguments from
Fields¶
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class
fields.
String
(default=None, attribute=None)¶ Marshal a value as a string. Uses
six.text_type
so values will be converted tounicode
in python2 andstr
in python3.-
format
(value)¶
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class
fields.
FormattedString
(src_str)¶ FormattedString is used to interpolate other values from the response into this field. The syntax for the source string is the same as the string
format()
method from the python stdlib.Ex:
fields = { 'name': fields.String, 'greeting': fields.FormattedString("Hello {name}") } data = { 'name': 'Doug', } marshal(data, fields)
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output
(key, obj)¶
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class
fields.
Url
(endpoint=None, absolute=False, scheme=None)¶ A string representation of a Url
Parameters: -
output
(key, obj)¶
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class
fields.
DateTime
(dt_format='rfc822', **kwargs)¶ Return a formatted datetime string in UTC. Supported formats are RFC 822 and ISO 8601.
See
email.utils.formatdate()
for more info on the RFC 822 format.See
datetime.datetime.isoformat()
for more info on the ISO 8601 format.Parameters: dt_format (str) – 'rfc822'
or'iso8601'
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format
(value)¶
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class
fields.
Float
(default=None, attribute=None)¶ A double as IEEE-754 double precision. ex : 3.141592653589793 3.1415926535897933e-06 3.141592653589793e+24 nan inf -inf
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format
(value)¶
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class
fields.
Integer
(default=0, **kwargs)¶ Field for outputting an integer value.
Parameters: default (int) – The default value for the field, if no value is specified. -
format
(value)¶
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class
fields.
Arbitrary
(default=None, attribute=None)¶ - A floating point number with an arbitrary precision
- ex: 634271127864378216478362784632784678324.23432
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format
(value)¶
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class
fields.
Nested
(nested, allow_null=False, **kwargs)¶ Allows you to nest one set of fields inside another. See Advanced : Nested Field for more information
Parameters: - nested (dict) – The dictionary to nest
- allow_null (bool) – Whether to return None instead of a dictionary with null keys, if a nested dictionary has all-null keys
- kwargs – If
default
keyword argument is present, a nested dictionary will be marshaled as its value if nested dictionary is all-null keys (e.g. lets you return an empty JSON object instead of null)
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output
(key, obj)¶
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class
fields.
List
(cls_or_instance, **kwargs)¶ Field for marshalling lists of other fields.
See List Field for more information.
Parameters: cls_or_instance – The field type the list will contain. -
format
(value)¶
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output
(key, data)¶
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class
fields.
Raw
(default=None, attribute=None)¶ Raw provides a base field class from which others should extend. It applies no formatting by default, and should only be used in cases where data does not need to be formatted before being serialized. Fields should throw a
MarshallingException
in case of parsing problem.Parameters: - default – The default value for the field, if no value is specified.
- attribute – If the public facing value differs from the internal value, use this to retrieve a different attribute from the response than the publicly named value.
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format
(value)¶ Formats a field’s value. No-op by default - field classes that modify how the value of existing object keys should be presented should override this and apply the appropriate formatting.
Parameters: value – The value to format Raises: MarshallingException – In case of formatting problem Ex:
class TitleCase(Raw): def format(self, value): return unicode(value).title()
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output
(key, obj)¶ Pulls the value for the given key from the object, applies the field’s formatting and returns the result. If the key is not found in the object, returns the default value. Field classes that create values which do not require the existence of the key in the object should override this and return the desired value.
Raises: MarshallingException – In case of formatting problem
Inputs¶
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inputs.
boolean
(value)¶ Parse the string
"true"
or"false"
as a boolean (case insensitive). Also accepts"1"
and"0"
asTrue
/False
(respectively). If the input is from the request JSON body, the type is already a native python boolean, and will be passed through without further parsing.
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inputs.
date
(value)¶ Parse a valid looking date in the format YYYY-mm-dd
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inputs.
datetime_from_iso8601
(datetime_str)¶ Turns an ISO8601 formatted date into a datetime object.
Example:
inputs.datetime_from_iso8601("2012-01-01T23:30:00+02:00")
Parameters: datetime_str (str) – The ISO8601-complying string to transform Returns: A datetime
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inputs.
datetime_from_rfc822
(datetime_str)¶ Turns an RFC822 formatted date into a datetime object.
Example:
inputs.datetime_from_rfc822("Wed, 02 Oct 2002 08:00:00 EST")
Parameters: datetime_str (str) – The RFC822-complying string to transform Returns: A datetime
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class
inputs.
int_range
(low, high, argument='argument')¶ Restrict input to an integer in a range (inclusive)
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inputs.
iso8601interval
(value, argument='argument')¶ Parses ISO 8601-formatted datetime intervals into tuples of datetimes.
Accepts both a single date(time) or a full interval using either start/end or start/duration notation, with the following behavior:
- Intervals are defined as inclusive start, exclusive end
- Single datetimes are translated into the interval spanning the largest resolution not specified in the input value, up to the day.
- The smallest accepted resolution is 1 second.
- All timezones are accepted as values; returned datetimes are localized to UTC. Naive inputs and date inputs will are assumed UTC.
Examples:
"2013-01-01" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1), datetime(2013, 1, 2) "2013-01-01T12" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1, 12), datetime(2013, 1, 1, 13) "2013-01-01/2013-02-28" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1), datetime(2013, 2, 28) "2013-01-01/P3D" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1), datetime(2013, 1, 4) "2013-01-01T12:00/PT30M" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1, 12), datetime(2013, 1, 1, 12, 30) "2013-01-01T06:00/2013-01-01T12:00" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1, 6), datetime(2013, 1, 1, 12)
Parameters: value (str) – The ISO8601 date time as a string Returns: Two UTC datetimes, the start and the end of the specified interval Return type: A tuple (datetime, datetime) Raises: ValueError, if the interval is invalid.
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inputs.
natural
(value, argument='argument')¶ Restrict input type to the natural numbers (0, 1, 2, 3...)
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inputs.
positive
(value, argument='argument')¶ Restrict input type to the positive integers (1, 2, 3...)
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class
inputs.
regex
(pattern, flags=0)¶ Validate a string based on a regular expression.
Example:
parser = reqparse.RequestParser() parser.add_argument('example', type=inputs.regex('^[0-9]+$'))
Input to the
example
argument will be rejected if it contains anything but numbers.Parameters: